PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II (Theory) in Bpharma syllabus

 BP504 T. PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II (Theory)

Scope: The main purpose of subject is to impart the students the knowledge of how the secondary metabolites are produced in the crude drugs, how to isolate and identify and produce them industrially. Also this subject involves the study of producing the plants and phytochemicals through plant tissue culture, drug interactions and basic principles of traditional system of medicine

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able

1. to know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the herbal drugs and phytoconstituents

2. to understand the preparation and development of herbal formulation.

3. to understand the herbal drug interactions

4. to carryout isolation and identification of phytoconstituents

Course Content:

UNIT-I 

Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination

a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. 

b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies. 

UNIT-II 

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following

secondary metabolites:

Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium,

Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta

Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis

Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander,

Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus

Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony

Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond 

Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids

UNIT-III

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents

a) Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin

b) Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin

c) Alkaloids: Atropine,Quinine,Reserpine,Caffeine

d) Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin

UNIT-IV

Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine

UNIT V

Basics of Phytochemistry

Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs.

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